1. Draw a hemoglobin saturation curve, labelling the axes.
 

a.     Describe the effects of increased temperature, CO2 and H+ on the percent hemoglobin saturation at a given PO2. (don't just tell me which way the curve shifts--describe in words.)
b.     Describe the process of oxygen exchange between pulmonary capillary blood and alveolar air.
c.     Why does oxygen dissociation from hemoglobin predominate in tissue capillary blood?

3. What happens to respiratory rate when blood pH drops? Describe the mechanisms involved in detecting changes in pH and altering respiratory rate (it's a reflex arc).

4. When an individual suffers a significant blood loss, there are homeostatic =compensation mechanisms involving the kidneys that occur. Describe changes in hormones and their effects on the kidney, along with changes in the autonomic nervous system and its effects on the kidney.

5. Calculate clearance of this compound: Urine concentration=100 mg/dL Plasma concentration=50 mg/dL Urine flow rate=500 ml/min

6. Acid-base problems:
Patient 1 If PaO2 is elevated and HCO3- is normal, would the pH be acidic or alkaline (basic)?

Patient 2 pH=7.5 pCO2 is high HCO3- is high.
Is this acidosis or alkalosis? Is this respiratory or metabolic? Is the other system compensating partially? Patient 3 pH=7.5 pCO2 is low HCO3- is low Is this acidosis or alkalosis? Is this repsiratory or metabolic? Is the other system compensating partially?